Abstract :Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is prevalent in many countries, and the costs associated with the care
of patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are estimated to exceed 1 trillion USD over the
world. In Taiwan, CKD is very prevalent and ESRD was still one of the diseases with the highest single
payment among 20 leading outpatient diseases in 2010-2011. In order to decrease the incidence rate
of dialysis, we try by all action measures in the “five-year-plan for chronic kidney disease prevention
and enhancing the quality of care, 2012-2016”. In the present study, we analyze with the data from
the report of the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) before and after implementation of this
program to clarify whether there is any effect of this program on CKD prevention. Three years after
this plan has been introduced (2012-2014), the prevalence rate of ESRD increased 11.71% compared
with that of 2009-2011, which was three years before implementation of this plan. However, the
prevalence rate of 6 years before implementation of this plan was increased 21.53% compared with
that of 3 years before implementation. That means the increase of prevalence rate was greatly slowed
down after implementation of this plan as well as compared with other developed countries such as
the US or Japan. Through substantial focus on the early identification and proactive management of
CKD in the last few years, we have identified significant evidence to suggest that the care of people
with CKD could be improved and strategies to improve the management of people with CKD have
the potential to offer an efficient use of health service resources and well-control the growth of
expenditure of outpatient dialysis.